Indian Ocean Mombasa in Kenya Africa.

Indian Ocean Mombasa in Kenya Africa.

Big Tree Beach Hotel Mombasa Kenya
Indian OceanThe Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world’s oceanic divisions, covering about 20% of the water on the Earth’s surface. It is bounded on the north by Asia (including the Indian subcontinent, after which it is named); on the west by Africa; on the east by Indochina, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean (or, traditionally, by Antarctica). One component of the all-encompassing World Ocean, the Indian Ocean is delineated from the Atlantic Ocean by the 20° east meridian running south from Cape Agulhas,[2] and from the Pacific by the 147° east meridian. The northernmost extent of the Indian Ocean is approximately 30° north in the Persian Gulf. The Indian Ocean has asymmetric ocean circulation[citation needed]. This ocean is nearly 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi) wide at the southern tips of Africa and Australia; its area is 73,556,000 square kilometres (28,400,000 mi²), including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.
EN-ROUTE TO THE CORAL REEFS OF MOMBASA
Mombasa is a coral island off the Kenya coast. It has very beautiful coral reefs and marine life. It also has a deep harbor known as Kilindini, where ships serving the East African region dock.
The diving and snorkeling take place north of Mombasa, moving from around the Mtwapa creek up to entrance to Likoni. There is plenty of diverse fish to be seen by divers. The glass at the bottom of the boat is a great experience. It brings out an understanding of the complex yet perfect interaction between water and the marine life that live in it. One can reflect that in the place that is accomodation Mombasa.

A GEMSTONE LYING ALONG THE KENYAN COASTLINE.
There are spectacular early mornings along accomodation Mombasa, where clear waters meet the sun‘s rays creating a beautiful diamond like shine that sparkles dazzlingly. I am talking about the magic hidden n under the waters of the Indian Ocean. Corals that have rainbow colors exist and some have such colors as blue, red, green and yellow. This is a reality and only a small insight into the rare, precious and untold gem of Kenya’s untamed marine life.
Your desire of watching marine life and corals in their natural environment will be quenched once and for all after visiting the coastal gem of East Africa that is Mombasa.

EXOTIC SITE SEEING IN KENYA.
Along the Kenyan coast in tune with accomodation Mombasa, is the Mtwapa Creek which has the largest aquarium houses. Inside you will find all of the monsters found in the Indian Ocean. Take your time ton view this magnificent marine life from the comfort of a glass in an underground tunnel.
There are deep sea center to cater for water skiers. Quarries that were once waste land have been turned to rehabilitation projects .These quarries are sterilized and turned into oasis that harbor and flourish wildlife and birds. In the underground tunnel you can view sharks, sting rays and other attractions. It is simply an unforgettable experience

KENYAN COAST EXPERIENCE
This is the greatest place to start a safari in Kenya and might I add also the best to end a Kenyan visit. Accomodation Mombasa will give you a wide variety of places to stay while you enjoy the daily tours in Mombasa. The setting of some of the hotels is just magnificent. Some of them are built on very large beach front properties overlooking the world famous Indian Ocean.
The attractive amenities, pleasant hospitality, beautiful scenery, wonderful climatic conditions together with the magical charm of Kenya would make anyone want to go back to the Kenyan Coast for the experience of a life time.

SERENE ENVIRONMENT FOR RELAXATION AND BUSINESS
For many years the accomodation Mombasa has enjoyed good reputation as one of the best places on the planet to offer great facilities and the atmosphere to stay relaxed whether on business trip or leisure.
Most of the resorts are set on large pieces of land and every detail is taken into account to make sure that the reputation of Mombasa Town of offering first class services and hospitality endures for a life time. The first impression of a visitor to these resorts is of a cool, laid back atmosphere and very comfortable accommodation, and that is exactly what they get.
THE MOMBASA BEACH HOTELS
The accomodation Mombasa experience would not be complete if one has visited the Kenyan coast and not been booked in one of the many trendy hotels in the area. Take the Mombasa beach hotels for example. Overlooking the stunning Indian Ocean Beach, these hotels are some of the largest and ultra-modern hotels in the African Continent.
Some of them have over 150 rooms with some being VIP suites. The seaside resort provides great attractions such as tennis, surfing, and sailing among other sports. At any one given time they can hold up to 200 people. It’s a lavish experience that is just a few minutes away from Mombasa town.

THE MULTICULTURAL CENTRE CITY IN KENYA
If you have a diverse and open-minded persona, like other cultures and others way of life, and enjoy learning more about people from other parts of the world, then you best have the accomodation Mombasa experience. Here you will enjoy a genuine cultural experience by mingling with the diverse cultures and traditions of the Kenyan coast people.
Arabs settled there long ago and started small trading places. As these places grew, a distinct African-Arabic culture emerged and it is popularly known as Swahlli. These languages have also come to be adopted as the principal language of East and Central Africa. From the lingual to the dressing and food, it’s so diverse.

The ocean’s volume is estimated to be 292,131,000 cubic kilometers (70,086,000 mi³).Small islands dot the continental rims. Island nations within the ocean are Madagascar, the world’s fourth largest island; Comoros; Seychelles; Maldives; Mauritius; and Sri Lanka. The archipelago of Indonesia borders the ocean on the east. The ocean’s importance as a transit route between Asia and Africa has made it a scene of conflict. Because of its size, however, no nation successfully dominated most of it until the early 1800s when the United Kingdom controlled much of the surrounding land.

The African, Indian, and Antarctic crustal plates converge in the Indian Ocean at the Rodrigues Triple Point. Their junctures are marked by branches of the mid-oceanic ridge forming an inverted Y, with the stem running south from the edge of the continental shelf near Mumbai, India. The eastern, western, and southern basins thus formed are subdivided into smaller basins by ridges. The ocean’s continental shelves are narrow, averaging 200 kilometers (125 mi) in width. An exception is found off Australia’s western coast, where the shelf width exceeds 1,000 kilometres (600 mi). The average depth of the ocean is 3,890 metres (12,760 ft). Its deepest point, is in the Java Trench. North of 50° south latitude, 86% of the main basin is covered by pelagic sediments, of which more than half is globigerina ooze. The remaining 14% is layered with terrigenous sediments. Glacial outwash dominates the extreme southern latitudes. A spring 2000 decision by the International Hydrographic Organisation delimited a fifth world ocean, stripping the southern portions of the Indian Ocean. The new ocean extends from the coast of Antarctica north to 60° south latitude which coincides with the Antarctic Treaty Limit. The Indian Ocean remains the third-largest of the world’s five oceans.

Major choke points include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait. Seas include Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Laccadive Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Strait of Malacca, and other tributary water bodies.

The climate north of the equator is affected by a Monsoon climate. Strong north-east winds blow from October until April; from May until October south and west winds prevail. In the Arabian Sea the violent Monsoon brings rain to the Indian subcontinent. In the southern hemisphere the winds are generally milder, but summer storms near Mauritius can be severe. When the Monsoon winds change, cyclones sometimes striké the shores of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world.

The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oil fields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and Western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world’s offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals, and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

The warmth of the Indian Ocean keeps phytoplankton production low, except along the northern fringe and in a few scattered spots elsewhere; life in the ocean is thus limited. Fishing is confined to subsistence levels. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna.

Endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales.

Oil and ship pollution threatens the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea,

The world’s earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia (beginning with Sumer), ancient Egypt, and the Indian subcontinent (beginning with the Indus Valley civilization), which began along the valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, Nile and Indus rivers respectively, had all developed around the Indian Ocean. Civilizations soon arose in Persia (beginning with Elam) and later in Southeast Asia (beginning with Funan). During Egypt’s first dynasty (c. 3000 BC), sailors were sent out onto its waters, journeying to Punt, thought to be part of present-day Somalia. Returning ships brought gold and myrrh. The earliest known maritime trade between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley (c. 2500 BC) was conducted along the Indian Ocean. Phoenicians of the late 3rd millennium BC may have entered the area, but no settlements resulted. The Indian Ocean is far calmer and thus opened to trade earlier than the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans. The powerful monsoons also meant ships could easily sail west early in the season, then wait a few months and return eastwards. This allowed Indonesian peoples to cross the Indian Ocean to settle in Madagascar.

In the second or first century BC, Eudoxus of Cyzicus was the first Greek to cross the Indian Ocean. Hippalus is said to have discovered the direct route from Arabia to India around this time. During the first and second centuries intensive trade relations developed between Roman Egypt and the Tamil kingdoms of the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas in Southern India. Like the Indonesian peoples above, the western sailors used the monsoon to cross the ocean. The unknown author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea describes this route and the ports and trade goods along the coasts of Africa and India around AD 70.

From 1405 to 1433, Admiral Zheng He led large fleets of the Ming Dynasty on several voyages to the Western Ocean (Chinese name for the Indian Ocean) and reached the coastal country of East Africa (see Zheng He for reference).

In 1497, Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and became the first European to sail to India. The European ships, armed with heavy cannon, quickly dominated trade. Portugal at first attempted to achieve pre-eminence by setting up forts at the important straits and ports. But the small nation was unable to support such a vast project, and they were replaced in the mid-17th century by other European powers. The Dutch East India Company (1602-1798) sought control of trade with the East across the Indian Ocean. France and Britain established trade companies for the area. Eventually, Britain became the principal power and by 1815 dominated the area.

The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 revived European interest in the East, but no nation was successful in establishing trade dominance. Since World War II the United Kingdom has withdrawn from the area, to be only partially replaced by India, the USSR, and the United States. The last two tried to establish hegemony[citation needed] by negotiating for naval base sites. Developing countries bordering the ocean, however, seek to have it made a “zone of peace”[citation needed] so that they may use its shipping lanes freely, though the United Kingdom and United States maintain a military base on Diego Garcia atoll in the middle of the Indian Ocean.

On December 26, 2004, the countries surrounding the Indian Ocean were hit by a tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The waves resulted in more than 226,000 deaths and over 1 million people were left homeless.

On July 7, 2009, four British women, the Ocean Angels, have become the first all female crew to row across the Indian Ocean.

List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean
Australia

Bunbury Port
Fremantle PortBarrow Island, Western Australia
Broome, Western Australia

Bunbury, Western Australia
Busselton, Western Australia
Challenger Harbour, Western Australia
Cockatoo Island, Western Australia
Cossack, Western Australia
Dampier, Western Australia
Derby, Western Australia
Fishing Boat Harbour, Western Australia
Fremantle, Western Australia
Garden Island, Western Australia
Geraldton, Western Australia
Hamelin Bay, Western Australia
Koolan Island, Western Australia
Kwinana, Western Australia
Port Adelaide, South Australia
Port Hedland, Western Australia
Thompsons Bay, Western Australia
Wyndham, Western Australia

Bangladesh
Chittagong, Bangladesh

India

Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust, Navi Mumbai Mundra Port, Gujarat
Vizag seaport, Andhra Pradesh
Chennai port, Tamil NaduAlang, India Beypore, India
Calicut, India
Cuddalore,India
Car Nicobar, India
Chennai Port, India
Ennore Port, India
Dabhol, India
Goa, India
Gopalpur, India
Hazira, India
Kakinada, India
Kochi, India
Kolkata, India
Krishnapatnam, India
Mangalore (NMPT), India
Mormugao, India
Mumbai, India
Mundra, India
Narsapur, India
Panaji, India
Paradip, India
Pipavav, India
Pondicherry, India
Port Blair, India
Ratnagiri, India
Tuticorin, India
Visakhapatnam, India
Bhavnagar, India
Bedi, India
Porbandar, India
Veraval, India
Okha, India
Navlakhi, India
Dahej, India
Sikka, India
Jakhau, India
Mundra, India
Magdalla, India

Kenya
Mombasa, Kenya
Watamu, Kenya

Madagascar
Antsirinana (Diego Suarez), Madagascar
Mahajanga, Madagascar
Morondava, Madagascar
Toamasina (Tamatave), Madagascar
Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin), Madagascar
Toliara (Tulear), Madagascar

Maldives
Male, Maldives

Mauritius
Port Louis, Mauritius

Mozambique
Maputo
Inhambane
Beira
Quelimane
Angoche
Nacala
Pemba

Myanmar
Yangon
Mawlamyaing
Sittwe

Oman
Salalah

Pakistan
Port of karachi
Port of Gwadar

Gaddani, Baluchistan
Gwadar, Baluchistan
Karachi, Sindh
Keti Bandar, Sindh
Ormara, Baluchistan
Pasni, Baluchistan
Port Qasim, Sindh
Seychelles
Port Victoria, Seychelles

Somalia
Kismaayo, Somalia
Mogadishu, Somalia
Bosaso, Somalia
Berbera, Somalia

South Africa
Durban, South Africa
Richards Bay, South Africa
Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Sri Lanka
Colombo, Sri Lanka

Tanzania
Dar es salaam, Tanzania
Mtwara, Tanzania
Tanga, Tanzania
Zanzibar, Tanzania

Yemen
Aden, Yemen